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The Checklist
Blake Snyder
Is there a checklist we can reference to see what makes a successful story?
That is the assumption I am operating under, and in the development process I follow with the writers I work with, in and out of the studio system, it proves time and again to be not only real — but effective.
My complete checklist is a secret I cannot share as yet, a 50-point beauty that goes into greater detail, but I can show you glimpses of it, and tease you with what’s behind the curtain. I have hinted at the things I think should go on that list in general, which should help in any storytelling effort we undertake.
It starts with concept. Is it understandable? Does it “grab” me? Or are we going to have to rely on other factors such as casting, special effects, budget, or “an act of God” to pull it off? No gimmicks, please. No one-joke premises expanded to the breaking point. It can be simple, sure. But simple in a way that promises depth when explored. A richness, a primal-ness, that just speaking the words of your idea — excites me!
If satisfying enough to attempt, can the concept be exploited to its very maximum, can we draw from it the excitement, freshness, “trailer moments” — as well as moments of clarity — that make a story sing?
If we can say: “Check!” If “Okay, what’s next?” we move on. We start to “beat this sucker out” and when we do, can we find HUGE change in the protags? Why is this “the most important adventure that ever happened to the hero of this movie”? One way to judge is to check out if the beginning and the end are opposites; is the “snapshot of the world before” this adventure begins and the “snapshot of the world after” so different, so breathtakingly bi-polar that we know for sure we’ve been somewhere? And know we’ll never be the same?
Okay. Check. Move on.
Do Acts 1, 2, and 3 each exploit the essence of what those three worlds demand? Is “Thesis” ripe with problems? Not just idiosyncratic problems for our hero, but systemic ones for the world he lives in? Is the “upside-down version of the world” in “Anti-thesis” so amazingly new and otherworldly that we cannot believe this hero will survive? And once he does “die” on page 75, is there a “Synthesis” in Act Three in which what he was, and what he has learned, combine to create a “Third Way” that is the lesson of the movie?
Check?
Finally: theme. What is this “about”? What is the moral of the story? And more important, did we have a brush with the divine? This, to me, is what it really comes down to. Did we see a “supernatural power” at work in this story that lifts it — and us — beyond our ordinary selves, and gives us cavemen a new way to look at the world in an inspired way? It doesn’t have to be “Use the force, Luke!”; it can be the divine of a friendship unearned yet granted to us anyway, a last minute reprieve before the sentence we deserve is carried out, or a simple kiss from the girl we never expected to have faith in us, who bestows the courage we need to be what we did not think possible. It’s looking into the black maw of nothingness and finding…
That’s all I’m asking for at the movies — something extraordinary. And yes, that’s “lightning in a bottle” hard to capture, even harder to describe. But if we build it, they will come. If we check our checklist, and know at least that we are looking for it, and demand it’s in there, then every silly comedy, big action adventure, deep Oscar-nominated triumph, and seemingly simple love story will knock our socks off.
Different stories.
Same checklist.
What’s yours?
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7 Comments
Thank you Blake, This will help me a lot with my new story!!
—Shannon
Ooooh, I’m teased… That checklist is so complete, I can’t believe there’s a 50 point one to come!
OK, yes, I can, because the cool cat Blake Snyder is behind it…
I’m looking forward to your next book with great anticipation!
Thanks,
Graham.
It’s funny but… when I think about why I like certain movies (which I guess pass through a kind of internal checklist in my own mind that determines why I walk out of the theatre satisfied or disappointed) I become aware of the fact that I go to see movies for different reasons.
Although the best ones are always the ones with the great stories, that meet a lot of the criteria that Blake just mentioned above… I sometimes enjoy movies just for the spectacle, or for the intellectual stimulation. Because it’s a visual medium, some movies I love because of what I’m seeing. Or even because it’s a collection of ideas that I find stimulating.
Examples:
“The Cell” was a movie I saw twice in the theatre. Although I wasn’t very interested in the story of the serial killer, and I usually don’t like movies that are so dark and disturbing, the amazing visuals were like walking through an incredible art exhibit. That movie blew me away.
“Waking Life” I also saw twice in the theatre. I loved the philosophical discussions, and the visuals were so trippy. I loved it, and I now own a copy.
“My Dinner With Andre” was a movie I really loved. Again, very intellectual. Here the visuals took a backseat to a series of interesting personal experiences that I was captivated by. Very cool film.
“2001: A Space Odyssey”: One of my favorite films. And one of the greatest movies (not in terms of story, but as a piece of cinema) ever made.
(interesting note: I’ve never enjoyed a movie just for the special effects, or because there were a lot of explosions, unless the story was captivating.)
Of course when I look at my favorite films of all time (The Matrix, Lord of the Rings, Annie Hall, Barton Fink), they do provide more a “traditional” story experience more in line with the criteria set above. But again, what makes a great movie for me personally depends on why I’m going to see or experience the movie at the time. Am I in the mood for a great story that’s going to make me laugh or cry (or both!)? Or am I looking to enjoy something a bit more “intellectual”? Or going just for the eye candy?
An interesting topic for discussion…
It’s like I can only get a whiff of the steak sizzling on the grill, but I just can’t sink my teeth into it yet. When’s the book coming out?? You torture me so.;]
Wowee…I can’t believe another book is coming out –Blake, please let us know where/when. Having just re-watched “His Girl Friday,” I continue to be pleased and amazed that all the beats you describe are in films as old as 1940!
Here’s my approach to a script.
Screenplay Outline According to Phil (SOAP)
This is a list of what I need and the steps I take to get there. The first ten steps are approximately in order. The next four occur in any order. I need at least 70 scenes laid out before I start writing. While outlining scenes, I may include dialogue that occurs to me.
I find it very difficult to write the Opening Image and the Final Image scenes before the story is finished. Once the story is finished, these scenes are easy to define, design, and retrofit into the script.
The 70 scenes I lay out before I start evolve into something quite different by the time I finish. I may change names, change characters, and change Story Lines to create a better movie. I had to “kill” one character to get him out of the script.
Dividing the script up into four or five Story Lines helps me divide and conquer the writing task. Think “Chocolat.” Even to a novice, individual Story Lines are very discernable.
This plan expands as I become aware of new techniques.
1. A solid story idea.
2. A great title.
3. Eight or nine characters that fit the idea.
4. One or two “odd” characters for comic relief or interest.
5. Super character names.
6. Four or five Story Lines. One Story Line does not contain the Hero.
7. A simple theme.
8. An External Goal (what he wants).
9. An Internal Goal (what he needs and needs to change).
10. Six character flaws for the Hero.
11. Six Dark Night scenes attacking the Hero’s inner strength integrity.
12. Seventeen scenes (4 events) for Fun and Games.
13. Seventeen scenes (4 events) for Bad Guys Close In.
14. Five event Finale.
15. Mid-Point scene.
16. A 70 scene outline. I write one and a half page scenes.
Have fun writing,
Phil Rockwell
So, since the hero atomatically is a “he”, I assume that male leads are needed for a good story! No dicks – no intresting content! Or maybe the film industry is dominated by lonely, socially awkward boys, that have a fucked up relation to how women work, and always put someone they can recognise themselves in as a protagonist, leaving the female audience as sexual sidekicks that surve no function as to contributing to the progress of the story, whatsoever! Next time, write “he/she”, i know it may seem like a small thing, but it’s really not!! But i believe that a good story is a relatable story, and i cannot relate to a world where women are rewards for unqualified and clumsy male leads!! I would also like to state that i myself am a white male heterosexual, and still have a rough time reading this, when you assumethat one of the things that make you a hero is being a man!